Alcohol and the Family Essay -- Alcoholism Drinking Essays Research Pa

Liquor and the Family  In the United States alone, there are 28 million offspring of heavy drinkers - 7,000,000 of these youngsters are under the period of eighteen.â  Every day, these kids experience the detestations of living with a drunkard parent. 40%-half of offspring of heavy drinkers grow up and become drunkards themselves. Others create dietary problems or become obsessive workers. Offspring of drunkards get blended messages, irregularity, upredictability, disloyalty, and now and again physical and sexual maltreatment from their folks. They are made to grow up too quick since they should help keep the family structure together by doing housework and dealing with kin since the alcoholic isn't doing their part. Youngsters structure jobs that they play to help mask the illness. The jobs help occupy individuals from seeing the genuine issue and serve to ensure the family so it can keep on working. There are five jobs that the relatives will take on- - the empowering influence, the legend, the subst itute, the lost youngster, and the mascot. The empowering influence is normally the mate or the parent of the drunkard. He takes on the ordinary obligations that the alcoholic would ordinarily complete, for example, cleaning the house, dealing with the youngsters, or in any event, something as straightforward as strolling the canine. The empowering influence additionally rationalizes the drunkard. He may call his better half's chief and reveal to him she is wiped out when truly she is home with a hang-over. Or on the other hand he may disclose to a neighbor that the lounge light broke on the grounds that the two-year-old coincidentally thumped it off the table when in all actuality it was tossed over the room in a smashed fit. This demonstration of concealing never really hurt the family at long last. The empowering influence is rationalizing and deceiving conceal the genuine demonstration... ...out the influences liquor abuse has on the family, one may imagine that it is a real existence loaded with interminable unrest. There is help out there, however, which should start in the educational system. Schools need to teach kids about liquor mishandle and set up a continuous believing relationship with kids who need assistance. The kids aren not to fault for the activities of their folks and they need somebody to assist them with understanding that it's not their deficiency and they can break the cycle. Thusly the youngsters will realize that they have in any event one individual they can go to for help and that they aren't the only one. Reference index: 1. Offspring of Alcoholism, Barbara L. Wood, New York University Press, 1987 2. Working with Children of Alcoholics, Bryan E. Robinson, Lexington Books, 1989 3. Substance Abuse Treatment: A Family Systems Perspective, Edith M. Freeman, Sage Publications, 1993

Reviewing Arguements Whether Scientific Management

The theme I have decided for my article task would be alternative 1 which is looking into the contentions for and against the explanation whether logical administration makes productive associations. In the realm of today, it has been realized that logical administration created throughout the years and is applied in the regular work life. Frederick Winslow Taylor is the individual who found logical administration, otherwise called ‘Taylorism’.It is a hypothesis about administration that investigations and combine the work process of a work place yet the primary target is to improve the proficiency of the economy, particularly in the process of giving birth profitability dependent on five standards as depicted by Buchanan(2010, pg 423). The main rule of Taylorism is to have ‘A away from of assignments and duties among the executives and workers’ whereby the creator Chris Grey(2010, pg 40) differ that it was an additional favorable position to an association. He portrayed it as a framework that moves the force from laborers to managers.It diminishes self-sufficiency among laborers, working conditions and compromised joblessness. It is even more a radical and close to finish detachment among arranging and dynamic, where chiefs would settle on the choice while laborers do the request. The result of this made specialists find employment elsewhere and picket, time and movement considers were prohibited in US protection plants and even proprietors and ranking directors were against Taylorism as they believe that the framework has given the supervisors a more significant position authority than them.The second guideline, ‘The utilization of logical strategies to decide the most ideal method of doing a job’ was raised to a contradiction by Paul Adler where he guarantees that Taylorism speaks to a key emancipatory theory of work structure. His examination uncovers two key defects in the standard view that depends on two mental susp icions. The first is that work may be persuading to the degree that it looks like free play and the second that laborers need to have independence. Adler states that the standard study of Taylorism is that it presents the result of the laborers as the main wellspring of inspiration to get them going.Adler additionally contended that when laborers create positive sentiments towards their activity and see Taylorism as a successful method of achieving the errand, at that point low individual and group independence can coincide with high confidence. (Buchanan,2010,pg 444 †445). Buchanan (2010, pg 428) additionally remarked that there are a few reactions that can't help contradicting Taylorism carrying proficiency to an association dependent on this rule. The first was on the grounds that it expect that the inspiration of a representative was to increase greatest result for their difficult work and disregarded the significance of different rewards, for example, being given acknowled gment and achievement.This will make laborers feel that they are not acknowledged and are being utilized as instruments to carry out the responsibility. Furthermore, it neglected to disclose to the laborers the utilization of executing new systems, being coordinated and firmly administered constantly. Laborers won't appreciate being observed constantly, as it would cause them to feel like a detainee. It likewise causes them to feel awkward as to not having any protection at work. In any case, the Gilbreths concocted their own examination through creating Taylorism indicating their concurrence with Taylor’s second rule. Straightforward Gilbreth tudied movement and time of employment to investigate to what extent it would take for an individual to finish the given errand which at that point lead to the improvement of a framework called ‘therbligs’ which is shaped from rudimentary developments, each having its own image and shading. His examination at that point lea d him to building up a standard time for each activity component, and this is as yet being utilized till today for planning the pay installment frameworks. With respect to Lilian Gilbreth, she contributed mentally. She contemplated movements to kill pointless activities and to decrease exhaustion experienced by workers.She figured that on the off chance that she could succeed it would expand the work pace of a specialist to amplify profitability. She presented rest periods, setting seats at the work environment resting region, and organized occasions with pay. Changes were likewise made to the warming, lighting and ventilation of the working environment. This may have been another upheaval for the laborers as it improved their work life and gave them inspiration to carry out their responsibilities. (Buchanan, 2010,pg 429 †430). The third guideline is ‘Scientific choice of the individual to do the recently planned job’.Henry Ford worked superbly in doing as such as he got celebrated for his method of large scale manufacturing that profited his association. Portage applied the standards of justification whereby representatives are assigned straightforward undertakings that are painstakingly intended to increase most extreme proficiency from the laborers. Passage supplanted talented experts with machines subsequently disposing of the requirement for gifted laborers. He supported up creation of the vehicles that should barely be possible with just labor however pundits contended that Ford’s method was decimating craftsmanship and de-skilling jobs.In the workers’ see, this was a greater amount of an issue about recognizing the correct undertaking for incompetent specialists to do who might somehow or another not make the most of their work and be disheartened which could prompt numerous issues later on if not understood. Similar pundits additionally stated that short cycle tedious occupations are the reason for laborers being dealt w ith like a machine, estranged and upsetting. (Buchanan, 2010,pg 431 †435) An exploration on the Braverman postulation shows numerous reactions were made about Braverman and his deskilling theory that can't help contradicting this rule too. Buchanan refered to from (Noon and Blyton, 2007 (pp. 57-159); Fincham and Rhodes, 2005) which shows two or three analysis, for example, Taylorism disregarding elective administration methodologies like creation a decision between utilizing Taylorism to deskill an occupation position or to let the laborers gain independence. Representative strengthening would give better laborer compatibility that permits better sequential construction system adjusting. Simultaneously, representatives won't be deskilled and the administration gets the opportunity to assume responsibility for the work procedure. Another analysis was that it overstated about the management’s target of controlling labour.The proposition thought little of the intricacy and decent variety about administration objectivity and majority of interests. Direct work will take up a little extent of the all out expense of an item and it may not be critical as it was in the past contrasted with today. The third analysis was that laborers were being dealt with latently. There have been associations and individual obstruction towards deskilling, as laborers were not being dealt with reasonably as they had to make a particular showing that doesn't require their expertise they must be put to acceptable use.In the end, the worker’s ability will decay until he loses it totally. The following one was the underestimation of the employees’ assent and convenience whereby laborers will invite Taylorism once they comprehend its significance and practice it for quite a long time. Fifth, it disregards sexual orientation. Previously, men have consistently been the person who have been creating working abilities and were increasingly equipped for accomplishing wor k. That carried a burden to the ladies as they were being contrasted with men. They neglected the potential outcomes that ladies may likewise have the option to do different employments, for example, office occupations. Buchanan,2010, pg 440 †441) The fourth standard is ‘The preparing of the chosen specialist to play out the activity in the manner specified’ and from this guideline came about the upskilling position which gave significance towards human capital. Organizations put resources into their workforce by giving instruction and preparing to assist them with having a superior comprehension of their work and how to do it right. This will assist supervisors with identifying which specialist can do which work they will be appointed to. Other than that, it will produce more elevated level of aptitudes among representatives that most work required during those times.The fifth standard is the ‘Surveillance of laborers using chains of importance of power and close supervision’. Harry Braverman built up the Braverman where he considered logical to be as a technique for legitimately controlling individual representatives. Chiefs decreased the self-governance and tact of laborers by they way they play out their occupations, in this manner deskilling their work so as to deal with them. Braveman finished up two sorts of deskilling procedure and they are, right off the bat, authoritative deskilling which includes Taylor’s partition of undertaking origination from task execution that all issues are to be illuminated by the supervisor.The second one is mechanical deskilling that is supplanting the laborers with machines to accomplish a superior pace of creation. (Buchanan, 2010,pg 436 †437) Max Weber likewise consented to this standard expressing that judicious legitimate authority was progressively replacing types of power which originates from a lot of rules, methodology and obligations. This authority is enabled to the ind ividual in control, for instance, the Chief Executive Officer of an association. Eventhough the individual holding the position may change, the strengthening the activity position keeps despite everything keeps up the same.There consistently must be somebody who regulates the whole association and oversee it. Much the same as a nation, without the administration the nation won't be all together yet rather be in mayhem. Weber characterizes this sort of association being set by rules and a progression of various leveled relationship. It assists make with utilizing of standards of systemization, division of work and authority. Weber expressed that his hypothesis spoke to the most specialized and judicious type of an association and it was affirmed when his hypothesis spread quickly all through the state as associations were actualizing his hypothesis. Grey,2009, pg 22-23) From what I have learned about logical administration and its the

Discovering the Top Essay Topics For High School Students

Discovering the Top Essay Topics For High School StudentsIt is time to decide on the topic for your high school essay. In this article, we will discuss some of the most popular essay topics. You can also use the strategies we will provide to make your topic more unique. This article is provided for informational purposes only.The very first thing that you have to consider before selecting an essay topic is the student's ability and interest in the subject. Are they writing an essay to fulfill a requirement or are they looking forward to a fun experience? Student's need to create a content that will be interesting enough to keep them interested in reading it.High school students should focus their topics on current events. You have to remember that these students will be asked to research a lot of information. Even if they do not choose to take college courses in particular subjects, they will most likely be required to write about these subjects. By researching current events, they w ill have a ready supply of subjects that they can use.You have to know that there are many different types of essays. Even though it is possible to create your own topic, most high school students prefer to learn about the content of these topics from other students. Do not try to reinvent the wheel. This will only confuse your students.Once you have chosen a particular topic, it is important to look into your resources. Check to see if your school provides its students with some type of software to help them in the creation of their topic. Keep in mind that your main concern is that they will be able to write an interesting essay.The next step in deciding on the best essay topics for your students is to look for ways in which you can customize them. There are many ways to add themes to an essay. You can include quotations or even add quotes as your essay topics. If you do not know where to find these quotes, check your local library. Most likely, there are many sources in your area .Lastly, you should check out the resources available online to help you in the process of creating your essay. You may find a lot of different resources online that you can use. Try and narrow down your search for the best resources. Make sure that you get all of the tools that you need to help you create your essay. Make sure that you are using a source that will help you as well as your students.Remember that the best way to determine the best essay topics for your students is to keep it simple. By using simple resources, you can easily get your students interested in writing essays.

How Technology Has Changed Business Environment - 1539 Words

I. Intro As technology continues to advance, the accounting profession needs to adapt in order to continue providing the most value to our clients. Technology has begun to change the way companies are doing business. The technology has given executives the tools to better understand their data. Decisions are no longer based on theory, but on data analysis leveraged by using algorithms. These algorithms allow organizations to understand trends and patterns based on historical events. Accountants have been stereotyped for many years as being anti-social, individuals who only deal with numbers. This stereotype could not be farther from the truth in today’s business environment. The ability to understand the underlying strategy, the systems, and how the various parts of the organization communicate are critical to an accountant’s success. The Institute of Management Accounts realizes the changing business environment and have updated their definition of management accounting accordi ngly. The definition now reads â€Å"â€Å"Management accounting is a profession that involves partnering in a management decision making, devising planning, and performance management systems, and providing expertise in financial reporting and control assist management in the formulation and implementation of an organization’s strategy.† (Williams) Accountants are now deemed to be knowledgeable in more than just financial reporting. Without a clear understanding of how the systems work together accountantsShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed The Business Environment5148 Words   |  21 PagesThe Impact of Technology: Technology as a whole has changed the business environment, and how it functions drastically over the past 25 years. The Internet was on CNN’s top 25 innovations in the past 20 years ad being named the most influential innovations in the last quarter century. 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In this essay I want to analyze how the accountants’ role in business has changed; the factors of the business environmentRead MoreIntroduction to Business Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors contribute to the rapid pace of change in business? Is the pace likely to accelerate or decrease over the next decade? Why? Human resources, capital, natural resources, entrepreneurship, and technology all play a factor in to a rapid change of pace. They are likely to increase because all of these factors are growing rapidly. 2. What role does entrepreneurship play in the economy? Who stands to gain from the success of individual entrepreneurs? How do other parties benefit? EntrepreneurshipRead MoreSmart Phones as a Disruptive Technology for Business1585 Words   |  7 PagesSMART PHONES AS A DISRAPTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS PROBLEM This report was created in order to discuss, analyze and indicate the significant impact of smart phones over the business environment. It offers answers to the questions: 1) How smart phones have changed the world of business? What are the consequences? What is the indirect and direct impact over the business? 2) What advantages offer smart phones to the business? How they affect it? What could be expected in the future? 3) What areRead MoreCase Study Guidelines Motivation and Leadership Essay689 Words   |  3 Pagesdecided he could provide a better product on his own. Today’s dynamic business environment has a tremendous effect on the success or failure of entrepreneurs like Todd McFarlane. Economics plays a key role at the McFarlane Companies. The firm must protect the many intellectual properties it creates and licenses. The business uses technology to support and spark creativity in developing new products. The competitive environment drives quality at McFarlane, which produces high-quality products evenRead MoreTechnology s Impact On The Global Landscape1026 Words   |  5 PagesInnovation has become a crucial factor to allow corporations to provide various products and services in reacting to a competitive, rapidly changing environment. Over the past decades, the developments and improvements in Information Technology (IT) have had a profound impact on the global landscape as well as the regular corporate working environment. With the help of advanced Information Technology, businesses are able to process and operate its daily works m ore accurate and easier. It is muchRead MoreThe Impact Of Communication Technology955 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Thanks to the advancement in communication and computer science, nearly anything you can imagine is just a click away.† (Ertem, 2015) Technology has revolutionized the way we conduct business worldwide. You can now video chat with customers who are across the world, in just a few seconds. Communication technology is essential in growing your business and improving efficiency. Since the 1980’s technological advancements have certainly grown substantially, which help with productivity and efficiencyRead MoreExplain How the Role of an Accountant Has Changed over Time. Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesExplain how the role of an accountant has changed over time. Discuss the role of the accountant in modern business. I. Introduction. Thesis statement: Many changes have happened in Accounting in the last few years. Most of which are differences in styles and also ways to implement this knowledge in modern business. II. What are an older-style accountant and modern accountant? 1. Overview of the situation in the past. 2. Previous information about an older- style accountant

Analysis Of The Book Virginian Luxuries Pictures Essay

1. â€Å"Virginian Luxuries† pictures clearly portraits that there are two kinds of persons i.e.; white men and the black people. The white men have possessed the power, and other two black people seem they lack and don’t have any power in front the white men. This picture represents the physical and sexual exploitation of the slaves in the society. The first picture at the left side has shown well-dressed white man kisses to a black woman. But at the right side of the second picture a white man canes a half-naked black man. If we looked in the past era the pictures seem was drawn from the history, which reveals that the white men are on power lawyer and the black people are a slave to those white men. It has shown the clear indication that the white oppressed the black people in the past. In the first left side picture, the black woman is used temporarily for the white man’s pleasure and in the second right side picture, the black man is treated tranny. These tw o pictures are a clear exemplary to be able to notice the unequal power relationships between the white masters and the black slaves in the past. Alexis de Tocqueville describes the three races in the U.S. in the period of 1855. Tocqueville explained that white people with a strong knowledge, power and living in their original land with their custom keeping, whereas the black slaves who are living in U.S. far from their homeland in his book â€Å"Democracy in America.† According to the Tocqueville, â€Å"The white or the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 PagesSituation†©Analysis:†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Company†©and†©Competition....................................................................... 1†© Company†©Mission†©and†©Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 1†© Financial†©Performance............................................................................................................................................................. 2†© Adidas†©SWOT†©Analysis.........Read MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 PagesSituation†©Analysis:†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Company†©and†©Competition....................................................................... 1†© Company†©Mission†©and†©Strategy ........................................................................................................................................... 1†© Financial†©Performance............................................................................................................................................................. 2†© Adidas†©SWOT†©Analysis.........

Study Skills and Infomation Literacy for Students

Excellent study skills and information literacy are essential for the successful path of education in every student’s life. Nowadays, students face more challenges in their daily tasks and duty due to the accelerating progress of information, communication and technology. They have step their feet into the zone of competition among others to obtain outstanding achievements in each thing they perform. So, how are they going to ensure if they could acquire these meets and criteria to express themselves as great achievers? Therefore, it is crucial for them to adapt and practice these study skills and information literacy in their life. Study skills are the abilities and approaches applied to learning. They are generally critical to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Information is, in fact, our most precious resource. In such a world, education should empower everyone, not the few. But for information to become knowledge, and ultimately, one hopes, wisdom, it must be organized. In this new climate, the public interest challenge, beyond access and equity is sorting and selection† (Boyer, 1997, p. 140). We are outfitting our schools, libraries, and homes with electronic technologies. But are we preparing students for the onslaught of information that is provided by these technologies. What happens when students get more information from the internet and than previously conveyed by their teachers or textbooks? What should a student do when faced with so many informational possibilities? This is where information literacy establishes it’s important thus, they need to understand and differentiate be tween types of information. They must define the need of the information and relating it to knowledge. These are all the implementation of information literacy which benefits students during their study time. Furthermore, they will not be panic once get an abundant supply of information, because they are already exposed to the method on how to manage such information. Hence, they will solve the specific problem regarding that matter with a suitable solution without any distractions and pressure. To articulate more on our study skills’ topic, one of the most important skill is the time

Meritocracy Essay Example For Students

Meritocracy Essay A meritocracy is an environment in which individuals are rewarded for their ability to produce. An example of a meritocracy is the sports world at large. In the sports world, athletes are chosen based on their raw talent and ability to score points and win games. Nothing else is taken into account before each player signs a multi million dollar contract. Things like, being a college drop out, having a criminal record and being a poor role model is overlooked if the athletes can score points for the team. This one sided selection process, is the epitome of a meritocractic society. The owners of the teams are merely looking for someone who can get the job done, no questions asked. Initially, sports was not a meritocracy. The public demanded professional sports teams to have a certain image. The image of the average ball player , was a clean cut all American and a great guy. Even if the player didnt possess the best character traits, he was perceived as a great guy.For example, Babe Ruth was the all American orphan who lived the American Dream, going from rags to riches. In reality, Babe Ruth was a womanizer and a drunk. The professional sportsman was put up on a pedestal and was honored by all. Even if he didnt fit that image, the public at least wanted to believe that he did. This concern for a certain image showed that sports was not a meritocractic society since the public wanted something else, other than performance. Later, sports became a meritocracy. Vince Lombardis famous quote, winning isnt everything, its the only thing embodied the complete transition of sports, from our national pastime to the ugly meritocractic society that it is today. The public was no longer interested in the image, all they wanted was to win and have players who could accomplish their tasks. Selection, from then on, was solely based on who could get the job done. The image was no longer the highlight, and it wasnt important to society. Now, we are paying the price for the meritocractic society of sports. Athletes like Latrell Sprewell, who was almost sent to prison for assaulting his coach in practice, is now a hero on the New York Knicks. Children are flocking to see him play and are trying to emulate is every action. Pete Rose is another example of a player who was held high for his great ability but was also a compulsive gambler. He was punished for his misbehavior at the time, but now the fans want to reinstate him in baseball. Societys lack of concern for misconduct is evidence to the fact that the meritocractic society of sports has severely impacted our morals and value system. There is more emphasis on which sneakers a sports figure wears rather than what kind of person he is. It has now reached the breaking point. The meritocracy of sports is causing the downfall of values in our society and the degeneration of our youth. Our society no longer cares about ethics and morals, society only wants to win, whate ver the costs may be. Bibliography:N/A

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Afermative Action essays

Afermative Action essays The idea that different subcategories of humans exist, and that depending on one's point of view, some subcategories are inherently inferior to others, has been around since ancient times. This concept eventually gained the label of "race" in 1789, a "zoological term... generally defined as a subcategory of a species which inherits certain physical characteristics that distinguish it from other categories of that same species." (Tivnan 181). Although slavery has been by and large eliminated in virtually every part of the modern world, the concept used to rationalize its implementation, "racism", still plagues most modern cultures. Races that were once enslaved, or are minorities within their society, are often discriminated against in a variety of ways. This attitude can result in actions as severe as the Holocaust of World War II, or as minor as a dismissive glance from a salesman at an uptown department store. In America, an active war has been waged on discrimination since minorities and women rallied for equal rights in the Civil Rights movement of the 1960's. In the last 35 years, the American government has made strides toward ending discrimination altogether, enacting social policies designed to give the downtrodden minorities a leg-up in a white-dominated society. One such policy, Affirmative Action, generally refers to programs that give preferential treatment to minority groups based on socioeconomic status and which try to correct past injustices inflicted upon said groups. This use of racial criteria to award opportunities in fields like education and employment has sparked major debates over reverse discrimination and moral obligation in today's America. Many claim that blacks in America have a "moral claim" to compensate them for the "paramount injustice" inflicted upon them, slavery (Tivnan 202). Although slavery ended nearly 200 years ago, racism was tolerated and even encouraged by the American government...

In Orwell's novel 1984 he protrays life as undeisable under Essay

In Orwell's novel 1984 he protrays life as undeisable under governmental control however this also made a better society - Essay Example Thesis In George Orwell's novel 1984, Orwell portrays governmental control over daily life as undesirable; however, governmental control over the citizens' lives makes a better society for the mass of Oceania's citizens. A strict control maintained by the government establishes a positive and peaceful atmosphere within the society. All of material needs are guaranteed by the state, for all classes, self-restraint is a central virtue, though in the lower classes control and moderation of one's own desires are explicitly linked to the virtue of obedience. The Party is consciously seeking to create the ultimate totalitarian society, a world that "is the exact opposite of the stupid hedonistic Utopias that the old reformers imagined" (Orwell 220). A strict control of the state ensures a maximum happiness for all of its citizens, a goal that would remain central to subsequent thought. However, his suggestion that individual freedom should be sacrificed in order to assure this happiness would become a central concern of fiction (Patai 149). The society goes to great extremes to negate any differences in material circumstances that might lead to rivalries, jealousies, or competition for material gain. More over, to ensure that there can be no question of one family's house being preferable to another (and that the citizens do not become too attached. The governmental control over the citizens lives make a better society because the Party also furthers loyalty among its members through the use of numerous techniques borrowed from religion. As with many conventional religions, Party solidarity is furthered by communal rituals, but in a reversal of the Christian emphasis on love the central Party ritual is a phenomenon called the "Two Minutes Hate." In this rite of hatred, Party members gather before a telescreen as programming focusing on the heinous treachery of official Party enemy Emmanuel Goldstein gradually whips the crowd into a frenzy the intensity of which might be envied by any Bible-thumping Southern preacher (Patai 247). The viewers jump up and down, screaming at the screen, and even those who are initially less than enthusiastic find themselves caught up in the mass hysteria: "The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in" (Orwell 16). Orwell emphasizes equality above all else, even to the point of suppression of individual liberty and imposition of a potentially oppressive conformity, enforced by a constant surveillance in which all citizens watch all others, with those who deviate from accepted behavior subject to harsh punishments. Thus, this strict control helps the society to avoid civil disobedience acts and violence. The state itself is fundamentally informed by a privileging of the community over the individual. Mass society live a communistic existence, with property held in common. Individualism is thoroughly subjugated to the interests of the state, to the extent that many of the practices clearly foreshadow the intrusion of the state into the private lives of citizens in modern fictions. For example, marriage is considered a service to the state rather than an expression of individual love, and it is accordingly administered by a Ministry of Love. In Oceania sex is to be regarded primarily as a

Safety Management Plan Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Safety Management Plan Implementation - Essay Example The service providers should execute and implement a Safety Management System which is acknowledged by their respective state. The functions are as follows: †¢The main function is to identify the safety hazards related to it. †¢It should ensure that corrective actions necessary to sustain a satisfactory level of safety must be implemented. †¢This is also liable to provide continuous monitoring as well as a regular appraisal of the safety level that has been achieved. †¢It should also aim to make a constant improvement to the overall level of safety and security. †¢It should also promote an improved safety and security culture all through the organization. †¢Realizing a return on Safety Management System investment through enhanced competence and abridged operational risk. Apart from the requirements of ICAO Safety Management Systems has been also incorporated into IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA). It is an important factor to realize that the mention ed plan must only be used as a general guiding reference only. Therefore it can be customized according to the need. Etihad, the national airlines of United Arab Emirates will be chosen as the company where the Safety Management System action plan will be established. Now in the context of the company, a safety management system will be implemented in its overall infrastructure. This will ensure more safety and securities to the passengers availing Etihad Airways. The company is also focused on providing the best Arabic hospitality to the clients.

The Moral Philosophy Of Virtue Ethics

The Moral Philosophy Of Virtue Ethics Virtue Ethics is a moral philosophy commonly attributed to Plato and Aristotle. The meaning of the word virtue for both was that of excellence. Although there are differences in their individual schools of thought, their outlook on morality is more or less the same. Both these philosophers came upon their understanding of ethics and morality while attempting to answer some fundamental question. For Plato, the question was, what is the good life? And for Aristotle this was, what do men fundamentally desire? In their individual attempts to answer these questions we find their theories of ethics. Plato described four cardinal virtues in his works. They were: Wisdom, Courage, Temperance and Justice, referring respectively to the following faculties of the human soul: Reason, Spirits, Appetites and justice being the correct balance of the first three, which according to him was the subservience of spirits and appetites to the faculty of reason. These virtues when properly exercised would lead to the development of an organized, well-balanced and hence virtuous individual. This well-balanced individual would be a happy person. So, Plato hypothesizes that it is a happy person who is leading a good life (hence, a good life is a happy life). He is happy because he is morally virtuous, morally virtuous because he is guided by reason and reason is knowledge. We now understand the first part of Platos theory that to be happy one must be morally virtuous. This leads to the second part of his theory that reason or that ultimate knowledge which is needed for morality comes from the Idea of Good. It is this Idea of Good which exists in the realm of Ideas, of immutable, unchanging Form which is the source and the final goal of all morality. And this Idea of Good is accessible only to the philosophers. Aristotle differs from the Platonic view over the concept of Forms and that knowledge of morality is a priori. According to him, moral principles are to be discovered through the study of mans life and his experiences and not from some obscure, formless world of ideals. In his search for the answer to what men fundamentally desire, Aristotle more or less comes to the same conclusion as Plato, which is the attainment of Eudaimonia, a term used by Aristotle and translated commonly as Happiness. As with Plato, Aristotle also believes that leading a virtuous life will lead to happiness. A virtuous life is one which is governed by reason. Reason in man has two functions. First is the use of reason (or the rational part of the soul) to control the irrational (appetitive, for e.g. emotions and vegetative, for e.g. breathing) part of the soul. The second is to use reason for the sake of deep analysis to come up with knowledge which in turn yields laws and principles to govern everyday life. He further states that virtue in man corresponds to these two functions of reason respectively: moral virtues and intellectual virtues. These moral and intellectual virtues are the mean between two vices. That is these virtues exist as the middle ground between two extremes. Moral virtues are those which based on rationality are ingrained in a man as his nature and are practiced by him out of habit. Examples of the moral virtues are courage and prudence etc. On the other hand, the intellectual virtues are those of exercising the rational part of the soul purely for the sake of reasoning, an example of which is wisdom. The former (moral virtues) are within reach of the ordinary man while the intellectual virtues fall in the domain of a few divinely blessed only. Finally, according to Aristotle it is the state of character of a person which makes him morally virtuous. This state of character is one of the three components of a mans personality. The other two being: the passions (e.g. anger or fear) and the faculties (e.g. ability to feel anger). It is the state of character which propels a man to choose between two extremes. Hence moral virtue is the state of character of a man which leads him to choose the golden mean. Let us take an example, proper pride is the mean between empty vanity and undue humility. To sum up Aristotles philosophy of ethics is that it is the character of man within which lies the power to choose. Hence it is not the act but the choice made between different forms of that act that morality is evident. NOTES William Lille, An Introduction to Ethics, (London: Methuen Co Ltd, 1971), 272. Ethel M. Albert, Theodore C. Denise and Sheldon P. Peterfreund, Great Traditions in Ethics, (New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1980), 11. Ibid., 38. Lille, An Introduction, 274, 277. Ethel M. Albert and others, Great, 11. Ibid., 29. Ibid., 38. Ibid., 46. Ibid., 48. Ibid., 39. Ibid., 50.

Marijuana Use Should be Legal Essay -- Legalization of Marijuana

Marijuana Use Should be Legal The issue of the legalization of Marijuana is a never-ending battle that the country will never fully win. Marijuana should be legalized because it is a large part of the drug war, which will never come to an end. Society is in the midst of a time of anguish and skepticism of what will become of the nation. With all of the problems happening around us, the government and officials should begin to realize that the time and effort spent on battling the drug, marijuana, could be better used in other areas. One of the first issues of the legalization of marijuana is its comparison to alcohol. Since 1937, marijuana has been prohibited as a legal drug in the United States: â€Å"If the goal of marijuana prohibition is to stop Americans from using it, then it has failed, just like the other prohibition failed to make America a (dry) country† (Wikman). There have been many studies performed to try to prove that the effects of marijuana are worse than those of alcohol. Unfortunately, many of the studies found that marijuana is not as bad as many believe it to be. If one were to compare alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, it is found that the one with the least addictive power is marijuana (Schlosser, 1994, p.41). Alcohol has the potential to cause cirrhosis and tobacco is linked to lung cancer and heart disease yet, smoking marijuana is not directly related to any life- threatening diseases (Wikman). The country’s drug problem is also hurting the prison system. Prisons are already overcrowded and by incarcerating innocent people for minor drug violations, law enforcement is adding to prison population. The population of Americans living in prison has inc... ...marijuana would give our government more money and time to invest in other problems facing our society and nation. Works Cited â€Å"Feds Begin to Bend on Medical Marijuana.† The Science of Medical Marijuana Oct.2001. 4 Oct.2001 â€Å" Grinspoon, Lester. â€Å"Marijuana, The Forbidden Medicine.† 1997: Roesch Lib., University of Dayton., Dayton, OH. 1 Oct. 2001 www.netlibrary.com â€Å"Legalization of Marijuana Long Overdue.† Oct. 2001. 9 Oct. 2001 â€Å"New, Emerging Evidence of Marijuana’s Medical Efficacy.† The Science of Medical Marijuana Oct. 2001. 4 Oct. 2001 Wikman, Eric. â€Å"Prohibition and Marijuana: History Does Repeat.† Marijuana Policy Project 1995. 2 Oct. 2001

American Jewry Order nov 3

In the United States around 1992, American Jewry came into a process of reformation directing toward a consolidation of the Council of Jewish Federations, the United Jewish Appeal, and the United Israel Appeal into the new broad-based organization that could speak in the name of American Jewry in new ways ( Elazar, http://www. jcpa. org/dje/articles3/rwjintro. htm). Travel and communications advances facilitated the increasing solidity of the Jewish race across the world.With the progress noted, more and more of its people have connections throughout the Jewish world, or at least across long distances within in it. Gradually more individual Jews, their families and communities relied upon resources in other communities, in the form of religious guidance from Israel or whether it is just for encouragement from the American Jewish experience as measures of intensifying Jewish identity. Even with the overabundance of organizations and organizational activities, a majority of the Jewry s eem to be oblivious of them.For most Jews, familiarity of their area community involvements is all they know about structured Jewish life, if that. Nevertheless, an institutional structure has developed and a network of connection more or less involving most of the existing organizations and institutions has been progressing. The Jewish people now have a superior prospect to uphold unity than it has had since the destruction of the First Temple in 586 BCE. Up to this day, American Jewry remains the primary pioneer in the advancement of world polity.They are committed to nation-building, the development of Israel, relief and rescue of Jewish communities in need, fighting anti-semitism, representing collective Jewish interests in world affairs, mobilization of leadership and activists to undertake these and other functions, governance functions in the world Jewish polity, assuring that there are appropriate bodies for the carrying on of the functions, raising funds to cover the costs of these functions, oversight of the organizations and institutions handling the functions, developing appropriate inter-organizational relations both among the authorities that comprise the world Jewish polity and the local, countrywide, regional, and worldwide arenas (Bubis). The National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS) 2000-01, a $6 million study carried out by The United Jewish Communities, is said to provide the most all-inclusive, trustworthy picture of American Jewry to date. Records show that there are 5. 2 million American Jews. This is 5 percent less than the 5. 5 million counted in the 1990 population study. There 4. 3 million American Jews attend Passover seders and light Chanukah candles.This figure also takes account of those more Jewishly devoted — families who maintain kosher homes, regularly join synagogue meetings, enrolled Jewish schools and go to at least one Jewish society. The percentage of intermarriage is growing, but at a stable rate, with 47 percent of today's Jewish newlyweds marrying non-Jews. The mean Jewish age is 42, in contrast to 35 for Americans in general, and the birthrate was 1. 8, lower than the 1. 9 rate for American women generally. The picture of American Jewry highlighted by the study is multifaceted. On the one hand, the American Jewish population is aging and shrinking, as the birthrate is falling and intermarriage is rising, and most Jews do not take on communal or religious pursuits.On the other hand, a vast majority of American Jews attend a Passover seder and celebrate Chanukah and Jewish education is booming. Jews are more affluent than Americans generally. More 33 percent of Jewish households report an annual income of $75,000 or higher, compared to just 18 percent of U. S. households. The median Jewish household income is $54,000, compared to $42,000 for Americans generally. Speaking about affluence, the world’s richest Jew is Steve Ballmer, a Detroit-born son of a Jewish mother, 43 years old, wh ose worth is an estimated $25 billion. Steve Ballmer was selected president and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corp.on January 13, 2000. In his position as president and CEO, Ballmer is oversees the entire management of Microsoft. It has been said that the outside terrorization, such as pogroms, coped with by Jews over the centuries act as unifying power. Jews needed each other in order to survive in a Jew-hating world. In line with this idea, the elimination of those external threats has become a factor to assimilation. The more accepting the non-Jewish world has become of Jews, the less Jews have felt they need other Jews and the Jewish community for support and the more Jews have become open to giving up their Jewish ways in an effort to blend with the world around them.Thus, the cost of Jewish living exceeded the value of Jewish living for many 20th century American Jews. While Jewish community efforts to lower costs and increase value have attempted to tip the scales in t he other direction, combating the integration of Jews in America, the â€Å"Land of Opportunty†, has been a harsh struggle to win. In an effort to assimilate and minimize threat, the American Jewry of late has developed a system of beliefs wherein it has become a community characterized with an exclusive and normalized behavior that is attributable to a specific people and that is expressed through certain images, symbols, rituals, myths, and other kinds of stories.There developed a sense of pluralism which is defined in their context: having the conviction that more than one religion can instruct truths. To put it strongly, religious pluralism maintains that no specific religion can assert total certainty to teach absolute truth. Within the Jewish population, there is a collective history, a shared expression of prayer and study, a shared Bible and a shared set of rabbinic literature, consequently often providing for Jews of considerably diverse worldviews to nevertheless id entify some level of common ideals and purposes. Reference: 1. Bubis,Gerald B. The Costs of Jewish Involvements and barriers. http. //Judaism. about. com. 2. Elazar, Daniel E. Jerusalem Center for Public AffairsI. http://www. jcpa. org/dje/articles2/futureamerjewry. htm.

Lung Cancer A Malignant Transformation And Growth

Lung Cancer Screening Lung cancer is a malignant transformation and growth of the cells of the lung and the airway tissues. It is usually divided into two main types: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC, 15%) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC, 85%) with the latter further subdivided into several subtypes such as Squamous, Large Cell, and Adenocarcinoma among other rare subtypes. Each subtype has its own unique growth and spread pattern with some being more aggressive than others. Lung cancer is staged according to the American Joint Committee by the TNM system, where T stands for the size, N for nodal involvement and M for the presence of distant metastases. The knowledge of the lung cancer main types, subtypes and stage, and the presence of specific molecular and genetic signatures, help the clinician determine the treatment approaches be it surgical, radiation, chemotherapy and the combination of, in addition to the appropriate type of chemotherapy. Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates for 2012 was 1.8 million new cases which constituted 12.9% of the total number of new cancers diagnosed worldwide. Fifty eight percent of which occurred in the less developed regions. Lung cancer remains the most common cancer in men worldwide (1.2 million, 16.7% of the total) with the highest estimated age-adjusted incidence rates in Central and Eastern Europe (53.5 per 100,000) andShow MoreRelatedLung Cancer : A Malignant Cellular Transformation And Growth Of The Lung And The Airway Tissues3080 Words   |  13 Pages Lung cancer is a malignant cellular transformation and growth of the lung and the airway tissues. 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